Remaining Polish industry was mostly destroyed, or transported to Russia by Soviet forces after the war. The policy of plunder and exploitation inflicted material losses to Polish industry, agriculture, infrastructure and cultural landmarks, with the cost of the destruction by Germans alone estimated at approximately €525 billion or $640 billion. From the beginning of the occupation, Germany's policy was to plunder and exploit Polish territory, turning it into a giant concentration camp for Poles who were to be exterminated as " Untermenschen". In 1941, the Nazi leadership decided that Poland was to be fully cleared of ethnic Poles within 10 to 20 years and settled by German colonists to further their policy of Lebensraum. The Nazis intended to destroy the Polish nation completely. Poland During World War II 85% of buildings in Warsaw were destroyed by German troops.
Most of the remaining Jews in Eastern and Central Europe became refugees, unable or unwilling to return to countries that became Soviet puppet states or countries that had betrayed them to the Nazis. Of the three million Jews in Poland, the heartland of European Jewish culture, fewer than 60,000 survived. Of the world's 18 million Jews in 1939, more than a third were murdered in the Holocaust. Main articles: History of the Jews during World War II, The Holocaust, Holocaust victims, and Responsibility for the Holocaust
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